A growing trend in men’s wellness is driving an increase in testosterone therapy, but experts warn this may pose significant risks to health and fertility. Pop-up clinics and online advertisements promote the concept of “checking your T” as a way to enhance energy, focus, and masculinity. While testosterone replacement can be beneficial for men with a medical deficiency known as hypogonadism, the surge in demand for these treatments raises important questions about their safety and necessity.
Testosterone therapy is medically prescribed for men whose bodies do not produce sufficient testosterone due to various factors, including injury, genetic disorders, or chronic conditions like obesity and diabetes. In cases of confirmed low testosterone levels, restoring hormone balance can lead to improvements in mood, sex drive, muscle strength, and bone health. Recent studies suggest that in men with low testosterone and conditions such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, therapy may enhance insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic health.
Despite these potential benefits, many private “men’s health” clinics are marketing testosterone testing based on vague symptoms like fatigue or low motivation. They often promote home blood tests, which may not provide reliable results. Finger-prick samples, while convenient, can yield inaccuracies if not collected properly. Medical professionals typically recommend testing testosterone levels through venous blood samples on separate mornings after fasting to ensure accuracy.
The definition of “low testosterone” is not universally agreed upon, and reference ranges can vary by laboratory. Factors such as age, health status, and genetic background play significant roles in determining what constitutes a normal level. Consequently, many men with low testosterone readings may feel perfectly healthy, whereas others may experience symptoms at the same level. Clinical guidelines emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach, combining blood results with patient symptoms to ensure appropriate diagnosis.
Concerns arise when men seek testosterone therapy without a genuine deficiency. Many are drawn to the promise of enhanced vitality and athletic performance. However, increasing testosterone levels beyond approximately 12 nanomoles per litre typically yields diminishing returns in areas like mood and sexual function. Men already within this range can expose themselves to side effects without additional benefits, and initiating treatment often leads to reduced natural hormone production. Discontinuing therapy can result in withdrawal-like symptoms as the body readjusts.
While testosterone therapy is generally considered safe when prescribed and monitored correctly, it is not without risks. Previous concerns regarding an increased risk of prostate cancer have been largely addressed, with some research suggesting potential protective effects. However, other studies indicate a slight increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation and blood clots associated with testosterone treatment.
One of the most pressing issues is the impact on fertility. Testosterone therapy can diminish the body’s signals for sperm production, leading to infertility, which may become permanent after prolonged use. For men wishing to maintain their fertility while undergoing therapy, doctors may prescribe gonadotrophins to stimulate sperm production, but this requires careful management by specialists.
The perception of testosterone as a symbol of strength and virility complicates the issue. When therapy is seen as a shortcut to confidence or masculinity, it can trap men in a cycle of dependence and self-doubt. Testosterone is a prescription-only medication for a reason; it necessitates proper diagnosis, regular monitoring, and oversight from healthcare professionals trained in hormone therapy. Relying on convenient clinics or online advertisements may lead men to pursue unnecessary treatments, often resulting in complications and increased reliance on healthcare services.
As the number of online clinics grows, they reveal a longstanding gap in men’s health. Many men hesitate to seek medical attention, leading to undiagnosed cases of true testosterone deficiency. With appropriate guidance and stronger connections to healthcare systems, these services could raise awareness about genuine health issues without encouraging unnecessary treatments. When used responsibly, testosterone can restore health, but careless usage risks undermining it—both for individual men and the healthcare system that supports them.
