A recent study co-led by researchers at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center has found that many men diagnosed with prostate cancer may require significantly shorter durations of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The research indicates that the majority of the therapy’s benefits occur within the first 9 to 12 months, with extended treatment offering minimal additional protection and potentially increasing the risk of other health complications such as cardiovascular and metabolic issues.
The study’s findings emphasize that the optimal length of ADT should be tailored according to individual cancer risk. For patients classified as low-risk, ADT may not be necessary. Those with intermediate-risk prostate cancer appear to gain the most benefit from 6 to 12 months of therapy. High-risk patients may need treatment for up to 12 months, while those categorized as very high-risk might require longer therapy to manage their condition effectively.
Understanding Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy is a common form of hormone treatment used to slow the progression of prostate cancer by lowering testosterone levels. While ADT has proven effective in controlling the disease, its long-term use can lead to significant side effects, including bone and muscle loss, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular problems. Current treatment guidelines typically recommend 4 to 6 months of ADT for intermediate-risk patients and between 18 to 36 months for high-risk patients. However, the ideal duration of therapy has remained uncertain until now.
To reach these conclusions, researchers conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis through the Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials in Cancer of the Prostate (MARCAP) Consortium. This involved analyzing data from 10,266 men across 13 international clinical trials. The researchers evaluated a range of outcomes, including overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and mortality from other causes, comparing the effectiveness of varying durations of ADT.
Personalized Treatment for Prostate Cancer
The implications of this research are significant for the future of prostate cancer treatment. The findings advocate for personalized treatment plans that consider specific patient factors, such as cancer risk, overall health, age, and personal preferences. By adopting shorter courses of hormone therapy, healthcare providers can help reduce the incidence of side effects while maintaining treatment efficacy.
Dr. Amar Kishan, a professor and executive vice chair of radiation oncology at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, highlighted the importance of this approach. He stated, “Prostate cancer treatment should not be one-size-fits-all. These findings help doctors personalize therapy, balancing cancer control with potential side effects and other health risks.”
As research continues to evolve, healthcare professionals can now make more informed decisions regarding the duration of androgen deprivation therapy, ultimately aiming to enhance both the safety and quality of life for men facing prostate cancer.
For more detailed information on this study, refer to the publication in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, available under the DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4800.
